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Biodiesel Feedstocks and Processing Technologies Part 11

Tham khảo tài liệu 'biodiesel feedstocks and processing technologies part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 14 Transesterification by Reactive Distillation for Synthesis and Characterization of Biodiesel G.B.Shinde1 V.S.Sapkal2 R.S.Sapkal3 and N.B.Raut4 department of Chemical Engineering Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Nashik M.S. 2Sant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur M.S. University Department of Chemical Technology Sant Gadgebaba Amravati University Amravati M.S. 4Faculty of Engineering Sohar University Sultanate of Oman 1 2 3India 4Oman 1. Introduction Rising world fuel prices the growing demand for energy and concerns about global warming are the key factors driving renewed interest in renewable energy sources and in bioenergy. Nowadays the world energy demand has increased significantly due to the global industrialization and increase of population. As a result the current limited reservoirs will soon be depleted at the current rate of consumption. So the research in energy focuses on finding an alternative source of energy to the petroleum derived diesel. India imported about 2 3rd of its petroleum requirement last year which involved a cost of approximately Rs. 80 000 crores in foreign exchange. Even 5 replacement of petroleum fuel by bio-fuel can help India and save Rs. 4000 corers per year in foreign exchange. It is utmost important that the options for substitution of petroleum fuels be explored to control this import bill. Biodiesel is a suitable substitute for petroleum-derived diesel. It is biodegradable almost sulfur less and a renewable fuel though still not produced by environmentally friendly routes. This alternative fuel consists of methyl or ethyl esters a result of either transesterification of triglycerides TG or esterification of free fatty acids FFAs . Biodiesel fuel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits due to the fact that plants and vegetable oils and animal fats are renewable biomass sources. Currently most of the biodiesel comes up from transesterification of edible resources such as animal fats .