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Electromotive Force and Measurement in Several Systems Part 7

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Tham khảo tài liệu 'electromotive force and measurement in several systems part 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 5 Electromotive Force Measurements and Thermodynamic Modelling of Sodium Chloride in Aqueous-Alcohol Solvents I. Uspenskaya N. Konstantinova E. Veryaeva and M. Mamontov Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia 1. Introduction In chemical engineering the liquid extraction plays an important role as a separation process. In the conventional solvent extraction the addition of salts generally increases the distribution coefficients of the solute and the selectivity of the solvent for the solute. Processes with mixed solvent electrolyte systems include regeneration of solvents extractive crystallization and liquid-liquid extraction for mixtures containing salts. For instance combining extraction and crystallization allowed effective energy-saving methods to be created for the isolation of salts from mother liquors Taboada et al. 2004 and combining extraction with salting out and distillation led to a new method for separating water from isopropanol Zhigang et al. 2001 . Every year a great financial support is required for conceptual design process engineering and construction of chemical plants Chen 2002 . Chemical engineers perform process modeling for the cost optimization. Success in that procedure is critically dependent upon accurate descriptions of the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of the concerned chemical systems. So there is a great need in systematic experimental studies and reliable models for correlation and prediction of thermodynamic properties of aqueous-organic electrolyte solutions. Several thermodynamic models have been developed to represent the vaporliquid equilibria in mixed solvent-electrolyte systems. Only a few studies have been carried out concerning solid-liquid liquid-liquid and solid-liquid-vapor equilibrium calculations. The lists of relevant publications are given in the reviews of Liddell Liddell 2005 and Thomsen Thomsen et al. 2004 some problems with the description of phase equilibria in systems with strong intermolecular