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Heavy Metals in the Environment: Using Wetlands for Their Removal - Chapter 6

Năm 1970, Sapp Battery Service, Inc bắt đầu hoạt động của nó đến quá trình phục hồi chì từ pin ô tô đã qua sử dụng. Công ty dần dần mở rộng hoạt động của mình để xử lý khoảng 50.000 pin được sử dụng mỗi tuần vào năm 1978. | CHAPTER 6 Lead Distribution in Steele City Swamps Shanshin Ton and Joseph J. Delfino CONTENTS Lead in Surface Waters.82 Lead in Sediments.82 Lead in Vegetation.84 Chemical Properties of Lead in Sediments.84 Binding of Lead to Humic Substances.84 In 1970 Sapp Battery Service Inc. initiated its operations to process lead recovery from used automobile batteries. The company gradually expanded its operation to process approximately 50 000 used batteries per week in 1978. Wastes from operations were dumped outside the plant and allowed to run through adjacent wetlands finally being discharged to Steele City Bay Figure 6.1 . After 7 years of operation in 1977 the first complaint about damage to cypress trees in adjoining wetlands was reported to the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation FDER . FDER closed the site in January 1980. After the site was abandoned EPA undertook emergency cleanup actions under provisions of the Clean Water Act Section 311. The Sapp Battery site was included on the final National Priorities List in August 1982. After that date EPA cooperated with FDER to conduct the Remedial Investigation Feasi-bility Study RI FS . In this study the on-site soils groundwater surface water and sediments were examined. In 1985 Ecology Environment Inc. E E became involved in field investigations to further delineate the extent of the contamination. Another draft feasibility study was finished by E E in January 1987. See Appendix Table A6b.2. The analyses of lead were made from April 1989 to September 1992. Samples first collected at stations A through G Figure 6.1 later extended further downstream in a series of sites A B C F OF1 G and OF2 Figure 1.3 . Descriptions of the sampling sites are given by Ton 1993 . The chemical methods used are given in Appendix A6A and Appendix A6B has a tabular listing of data on lead in waters sediments vegetations and related limnological data for April 1989 to May 1992. Condensed by the Editor. 81 2000 by CRC Press LLC 82