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báo cáo hóa học: " Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria: experimental evidence and current conceptual bases"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria: experimental evidence and current conceptual bases | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation BioMed Zentral Review Open Access Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria experimental evidence and current conceptual bases Mario Manto Address 1Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale FNRS-ULB Bruxelles Belgium E-mail Mario Manto - mmanto@ulb.ac.be Corresponding author Published 13 April 2009 Received 15 September 2008 Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2009 6 10 doi 10.1186 1743-0003-6-10 Accepted 13 April 2009 This article is available from http www.jneuroengrehab.cOm content 6 1 10 2009 Manto licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http creativecommons.org licenses by 2.0 which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The human cerebellum contains more neurons than any other region in the brain and is a major actor in motor control. Cerebellar circuitry is unique by its stereotyped architecture and its modular organization. Understanding the motor codes underlying the organization of limb movement and the rules of signal processing applied by the cerebellar circuits remains a major challenge for the forthcoming decades. One of the cardinal deficits observed in cerebellar patients is dysmetria designating the inability to perform accurate movements. Patients overshoot hypermetria or undershoot hypometria the aimed target during voluntary goal-directed tasks. The mechanisms of cerebellar dysmetria are reviewed with an emphasis on the roles of cerebellar pathways in controlling fundamental aspects of movement control such as anticipation timing of motor commands sensorimotor synchronization maintenance of sensorimotor associations and tuning of the magnitudes of muscle activities. An overview of recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of cerebellar circuitry in the elaboration and shaping of motor commands is .