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CLINICIAN’S POCKET REFERENCE - PART 4

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3 d mà không có thực phẩm bổ sung mà là thấp trong carbohydrates khó tiêu hóa Giảm khối lượng phân, thời gian vận chuyển, | TABLE 11-1 Continued Diet Guidelines Indications 207 Clear liquid continued Low-fiber Carbohydrate controlled diet ADA 7 g low-quality protein 1 g dietary fiber 1 g fat day This diet is inadequate in all nutrients and should not be used 3 d without supplementation Foods that are low in indigestible carbohydrates Decreases stool volume transit time and frequency Calorie level should be adequate to maintain or achieve desirable body weight Total carbohydrates are limited to 50-60 of total calories Management of acute radiation enteritis and inflammatory bowel disease when narrowing or stenosis of the gut lumen is present Diabetes mellitus Acute renal failure Ideally fat should be lii calories Protein g kg DBW Calories Sodium g day Potassium g day Fluid mL day lited to -30 of total 0.6 35-50 1-3 Variable Urine output 500 For patients in renal failure who are not undergoing dialysis Renal failure Hemodialysis Protein g kg DBW Calories per kilogram DBW Sodium g d Potassium g d Fluid mL d 1.0-1.2 30-35 1-2 1.5-3 Urine output 500 For patients in renal failure on hemodialysis continued TABLE 11-1 Continued 208 Diet Guidelines Indications Peritoneal dialysis Protein g kg DBW 1.2-1.6 Calories per kilogram DBW 25-35 Sodium g d 3 4 Potassium g d 3-4 Fluid mL d Urine output 500 For patients in renal failure on peritoneal dialysis Liver failure In the absence of encephalopathy do not restrict protein In the presence of encephalopathy initially restricted protein to 40-60 g d then liberalize in increments of 10 g d as tolerated Sodium and fluid restriction should be specified based on severity of ascites and edema Management of chronic liver disorders Low lactose Lactose-free Limits or restricts mild products Commercially available lactase enzyme tablets are available on the market Lactase deficiency Low-fat 50 g total fat per day Pancreatitis Fat malabsorption Fat cholesterol restricted Total fat 30 total calories Saturated fat limited to 10 of calories 300 mg cholesterol 50 .