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báo cáo hóa học:" Male circumcision for HIV prevention: current evidence and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Male circumcision for HIV prevention: current evidence and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa | Wamai et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2011 14 49 http www.jiasociety.Org content 14 1 49 JOURNALOF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY REVIEW Open Access Male circumcision for HIV prevention current evidence and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa D i - L- k A X m ù Drì n I IV I rr ir2 D s I I I r 3 ro -X I I c l i I4 I z-xiirz x ĩ ro IX I -X I ir M 5 D fs r r k k I z-xt- r 6 Richard G wamai Brian J Morris Stefan A Bailis David SoKal Jeffrey D Klausner Koss Appleton 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nelson SewanKambo David A Cooper John Bongaarts Guy de Bruyn Alex D WodaK and Joya Banerjee Abstract Heterosexual exposure accounts for most HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and this mode as a proportion of new infections is escalating globally. The scientific evidence accumulated over more than 20 years shows that among the strategies advocated during this period for HIV prevention male circumcision is one of if not the most efficacious epidemiologically as well as cost-wise. Despite this and recommendation of the procedure by global policy maKers national implementation has been slow. Additionally some are not convinced of the protective effect of male circumcision and there are also reports unsupported by evidence that non-sex-related drivers play a major role in HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we provide a critical evaluation of the state of the current evidence for male circumcision in reducing HIV infection in light of established transmission drivers provide an update on programmes now in place in this region and explain why policies based on established scientific evidence should be prioritized. We conclude that the evidence supports the need to accelerate the implementation of medical male circumcision programmes for HIV prevention in generalized heterosexual epidemics as well as in countering the growing heterosexual transmission in countries where HIV prevalence is presently low. Review Implementation of male circumcision MC for HIV prevention in