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Food Production Approaches, Challenges and Tasks Part 7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'food production approaches, challenges and tasks part 7', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 7 Enhanced Food Production by Applying a Human Rights Approach -Does Brazil Serve as a Model of Best Practice Hans Morten Haugen Diakonhjemmet University College Oslo Norway 1. Introduction The ignorance of agriculture in development policy circles that prevailed in most of the 1980s and 1990 has finally come to an end. Agriculture including the right use of the land is considered central for the following objectives a. Overcoming poverty as GDP growth from agriculture is found to be overall twice as effective in reducing poverty as GDP growth derived from other sectors and GDP growth originating in agriculture benefits the poorest half of the population substantially more World Bank 2007 6 b. Mitigating climate change by promoting low greenhouse gas agriculture Food and Agricultural Organization FAO 2009 Nellemann et al. 2009 IPCC 2007 chapter 8 IAASTD 2009 538 . c. Reducing imports of food in order to avoid becoming vulnerable to volatile prices on the world market note in this context that Brazil which relies on a global market for food recognizes the concept of food sovereignty most notably in Article 5 of the Law 11.346 of 2006 on a National Food and Nutrition Security System SISAN which reads extract countries must be guaranteed the supremacy of their own decisions regarding food production and consumption. d. Enhancing energy security as in the case of Brazil where ethanol from sugarcane has bypassed petrol as the dominant fuel while the sugarcane currently occupies less than one per cent of the best agricultural lands in Brazil. It might be difficult to achieve all these objectives simultaneously and in particular the latter seems difficult to reconcile with the three former. FAO however promotes integrated foodenergy systems Bogdanski et al. 2011 which makes frequent references to Brazil including Brazil s processing flexibilities in producing either food sugar or fuel ethanol depending on the overall supply and market conditions. This chapter analyzes .