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IN DEAD WATER

Continental shelves are the gently sloping areas of the ocean floor, contiguous to the continent, that extend from the coastline to the shelf-break. The shelf break, which is located around 150–200 meters depth, is the area of the continental margin where there is an abrupt change between the shelf and the steeper continental slope. Primary production in the oceans, i.e. the production of organic compounds from dissolved carbon dioxide and nutrients through photosynthesis, is often associated with upwellings (Botsford et al., 2006). Upwelling occurs when winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away from an area and subsurface water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water | UNEP RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT IN DEAD WATER MERGING OF CLIMATE CHANGE WITH POLLUTION OVER-HARVEST AND INFESTATIONS IN THE WORLD S FISHING gRoUNDS Nellemann c. Hain s. and Alder J. Eds . February 2008. In Dead Water - Merging of climate change with pollution over-harvest and infestations in the world s fishing grounds. United Nations Environment Programme GRID-Arendal Norway www.grida.no ISBN 978-82-7701-048-9 Disclaimer The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country territory city company or area or its authority or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Christian Nellemann Stefan Hain Jackie Alder RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT IN DEAD WATER MERGING OF CLIMATE CHANGE WITH POLLUTION OVER-HARVEST AND INFESTATIONS IN THE WORLD S FISHING .