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Invasive Alien Plants in Canada

Invasive alien plants are harmful non-native plant species whose introduction or spread threatens the environment, the economy, and society, including human health. They can be introduced into Canada from other countries or continents, or from one region of Canada to another. The current threats posed by invasive alien plants are real and growing. Why are invasive alien plants a problem? The economic cost of invasive alien plants to Canadians is enormous. Weeds in crops and pastures alone cost an estimated $2.2 billion annually. Invasive alien plants also damage the environment by changing the diversity, structure, and function of an ecosystem. Their negative impact extends to our society, causing health. | M Canadian Food Agence canadienne Inspection Agency d inspection des aliments ÍX 1 SUMMARY REPORT Invasive Alien Plants in Canada Canada This document is a summary of a more detailed technical report prepared by McClay Ecoscience www.mcclayecoscience.com and the staff of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The reference to the technical report is as follows Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. CFIA. Ottawa ON 2008. Published by Canadian Food Inspection Agency 59 Camelot Drive Ottawa ON K1A 0Y9 March 2008 ISBN 978-0-662-05322-4 Publication no. P0589-07 Cat. no. A104-64 2008 Cover Photo Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula dominating rangeland near Invermere British Columbia. Larry Halverson Parks Canada Visit our website at www.inspection.gc.ca Table of Contents Overview.2 1 Introduction.4 1.1 Invasive Plants in Canada.4 1.2 Where Are Invasive Plants Located in Canada .5 1.3 Where Do Invasive Plants Come From .6 1.4 How Are Invasive Plants Introduced into Canada .7 1.5 What Are the Likely Patterns for the Introduction of Invasive Plants to Canada in the Future .8 1.6 When Were Canada s Invasive Plants Introduced .8 2 Impacts of Invasive Plants.10 2.1 Economic Impacts.10 2.2 Environmental Impacts. 11 2.3 Social Impacts. 12 3 Canada s Response to Invasive Alien Plants.13 3.1 Canadian Programs. 13 3.2 An Invasive Alien Species Strategy for Canada 2004 . 15 3.3 Proposed Action Plan for Invasive Alien Terrestrial Plants and Plant Pests Phase 1 2004 . 15 3.4 International Agreements and Domestic Legislation.15 Selected Reading on Invasive Alien Species in Canada.17 .