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Windows® Internals Covering Windows Server® 2008 and Windows Vista

In this chapter, we’ll explain the data structures and algorithms that deal with processes, threads, and jobs in the Windows operating system. The first section focuses on the internal structures that make up a process. The second section outlines the steps involved in creating a process (and its initial thread). The internals of threads and thread scheduling are then described. The chapter concludes with a description of the job object. Where relevant performance counters or kernel variables exist, they are mentioned. Although this book isn’t a Windows programming book, the pertinent process, thread, and job Windows functions are listed so that you can pursue additional information on. | Foreword by Ben Fathi Corporate Vice President Windows Core Development Microsoft Corporation Windows Internals Microsoft FIFTH EDITION Covering Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista Mark E. Russinovich and David A. Solomon with Alex lonescu Table of Contents Foreword.xix Acknowledgments.xxi Introduction.xxiii 1 Concepts and Tools.1 Windows Operating System Versions.1 Foundation Concepts and Terms.2 Windows API.2 Services Functions and Routines.4 Processes Threads and Jobs.5 Virtual Memory.14 Kernel Mode vs. User Mode.16 Terminal Services and Multiple Sessions.19 Objects and Handles.21 Security.22 Registry.23 Unicode.23 Digging into Windows Internals.24 Reliability and Performance Monitor.25 Kernel Debugging.26 Windows Software Development Kit.31 Windows Driver Kit.31 Sysinternals Tools.32 Conclusion.32 What do you think of this book We want to hear from you Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief online survey please visit www.microsoft.com learning booksurvey v vi Table of Contents 2 System Architecture.33 Requirements and Design Goals.33 Operating System Model.34 Architecture Overview.35 Portability.38 Symmetric Multiprocessing.39 Scalability.43 Differences Between Client and Server Versions.43 Checked Build.47 Key System Components.49 Environment Subsystems and Subsystem DLLs.50 Ntdll.dll. 57 Executive.58 Kernel.61 Hardware Abstraction Layer.65 Device Drivers.68 System Processes.74 Conclusion.83 3 System Mechanisms.85 Trap Dispatching.85 Interrupt Dispatching.87 Exception Dispatching.114 System Service Dispatching.125 Object Manager.133 Executive Objects.136 Object Structure.138 Synchronization.170 High-IRQL Synchronization.172 Low-IRQL Synchronization.177 System Worker Threads.198 Windows Global Flags.200 Advanced Local Procedure Calls ALPCs .202 Kernel Event Tracing.207 Wow64.211 Wow64 Process Address Space Layout.211 System Calls.212 Exception .