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Children’s health in crisis: community, national and international responses

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Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract are reported to occur in 5 to 10% of the population [9]. They represent 25% of the total ultrasonographically diagnosed malformations that occur in 0.25–0.7% of fetuses. About 1/3 to 2/3 of ESRD in children are due to congenital ab- normalities of the kidney and urinary tract. In addition, these abnormalities occur in 23% of patients with chromosomal aberrations, and 2/3 of patients with abnormalities of other organ systems. Some of these abnormalities are minor and are discovered incidentally; others are major, leading to obstruction, renal scarring, pyelonephritis, and ESRD. Uri- nary tract abnormalities should be suspected in any child with UTI, congenital anomalies.