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VIRAL ONCOLOGY Basic Science and Clinical Applications

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Oncogenic viruses are the known etiologic agents in 15% – 20% of all human cancers. Their impact on global health is signifi cant. The fi rst recognition that cancer can be caused by a virus dates back to observations of Rous sarcoma virus in chickens almost 100 years ago. However, it was not until the 1970s that the mechanistic basis for retroviral transformation became clearer. That era was marked by the discovery of many viral oncogenes and counterpart cellular proto - oncogenes. Additionally, insights into cell growth factors, cell cycle regulation, checkpoints, and their operative protein factors followed rapidly. Today in 2009, there are six well -.