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BASIC CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN P1

The purpose of a control system is to produce a desired output. This output is usually specified by the command input, and is often a function of time. For simple applications in well-structured situations, sequencing devices like timers can be used as the control system. | CHAPTER 28_ BASIC CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN William J. Palm III Mechanical Engineering Department University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 28.1 INTRODUCTION 868 28.7.3 The Ziegler-Nichols Rules 891 28.2 CONTROL SYSTEM 28.7.4 Nonlinearities and STRUCTURE 869 Controller Performance 892 28.2.1 A Standard Diagram 870 28.7.5 Reset Windup 893 28.2.2 Transfer Functions 870 28.2.3 System-Type Number and 28.8 COMPENSATION AND Error Coefficients 871 ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRUCTURES 893 28.3 TRANSDUCERS AND ERROR 28.8.1 Series Compensation 893 DETECTORS 872 28.8.2 Feedback 28.3.1 Displacement and Velocity Compensation Transducers 872 and Cascade Control 893 28.3.2 Temperature Transducers 874 28.8.3 Feedforward 28.3.3 Flow Transducers 874 Compensation 894 28.3.4 Error Detectors 874 28.8.4 State-Variable Feedback 895 28.3.5 Dynamic Response of 28.8.5 Pseudoderivative Sensors 875 Feedback 896 28.4 ACTUATORS 875 28.9 GRAPHICAL DESIGN 28.4.1 Electromechanical METHODS 896 Actuators 875 28.9.1 The Nyquist Stability 28.4.2 Hydraulic Actuators 876 Theorem 896 28.4.3 Pneumatic Actuators 878 28.9.2 Systems with Dead-Time Elements 898 28.5 CONTROL LAWS 880 28.9.3 Open-Loop Design for 28.5.1 Proportional Control 881 PID Control 898 28.5.2 Integral Control 883 28.9.4 Design with the Root 28.5.3 Proportional-Plus-Integral Control 884 Locus 899 28.5.4 Derivative Control 884 28.10 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL 28.5.5 PID Control 885 CONTROL 901 28.10.1 Digital Controller 28.6 CONTROLLER HARDWARE 886 Structure 902 28.6.1 Feedback Compensation 28.10.2 Digital Forms of PID and Controller Design 886 Control 902 28.6.2 Electronic Controllers 886 28.6.3 Pneumatic Controllers 887 28.11 UNIQUELY DIGITAL 28.6.4 Hydraulic Controllers 887 ALGORITHMS 903 28.11.1 Digital Feedforward 28.7 FURTHER CRITERIA FOR Compensation 904 GAIN SELECTION 887 28.11.2 Control Design in the 28.7.1 Performance Indices 889 z-Plane 904 28.7.2 Optimal Control Methods 891 28.11.3 Direct Design of Digital Algorithms .