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80C51 family programmer’s guide and instruction set

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The 80C51 has separate address spaces for program and data memory. The Program memory can be up to 64k bytes long. The lower 4k can reside on-chip. Figure 1 shows a map of the 80C51 program memory. | Philips Semiconductors 80C51 Family 80C51 family programmer s guide and instruction set PROGRAMMER S GUIDE AND INSTRUCTION SET Memory Organization Program Memory The 80C51 has separate address spaces for program and data memory. The Program memory can be up to 64k bytes long. The lower 4k can reside on-chip. Figure 1 shows a map of the 80C51 program memory. The 80C51 can address up to 64k bytes of data memory to the chip. The MOVX instruction is used to access the external data memory. The 80C51 has 128 bytes of on-chip RAM plus a number of Special Function Registers SFRs . The lower 128 bytes of RAM can be accessed either by direct addressing MOV data addr or by indirect addressing MOV @Ri . Figure 2 shows the Data Memory organization. Direct and Indirect Address Area The 128 bytes of RAM which can be accessed by both direct and indirect addressing can be divided into three segments as listed below and shown in Figure 3. 1. Register Banks 0-3 Locations 0 through 1FH 32 bytes . The device after reset defaults to register bank 0. To use the other register banks the user must select them in software. Each register bank contains eight 1-byte registers 0 through 7. Reset initializes the stack pointer to location 07H and it is incremented once to start from location 08H which is the first register R0 of the second register bank. Thus in order to use more than one register bank the SP should be initialized to a different location of the RAM where it is not used for data storage i.e. the higher part of the RAM . 2. Bit Addressable Area 16 bytes have been assigned for this segment 20H-2FH. Each one of the 128 bits of this segment can be directly addressed 0-7FH . The bits can be referred to in two ways both of which are acceptable by most assemblers. One way is to refer to their address i.e. 0-7FH . The other way is with reference to bytes 20H to 2FH. Thus bits 0-7 can also be referred to as bits 20.0-20.7 and bits 8-FH are the same as 21.0-21.7 and so on. Each of the 16 .