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Lecture Biology: Chapter 56 - Niel Campbell, Jane Reece

Chapter 56 - Conservation biology and restoration ecology. This chapter distinguish between conservation biology and restoration biology, list the three major threats to biodiversity and give an example of each, define and compare the small-population approach and the declining-population approach, distinguish between the total population size and the effective population size,. | Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology Overview: Striking Gold 1.8 million species have been named and described Biologists estimate 10–200 million species exist on Earth Tropical forests contain some of the greatest concentrations of species and are being destroyed at an alarming rate Humans are rapidly pushing many species toward extinction Fig. 56-1 Figure 56.1 What will be the fate of this newly described bird species? Fig. 56-2 Figure 56.2 Tropical deforestation in West Kalimantan, an Indonesian province Conservation biology, which seeks to preserve life, integrates several fields: Ecology Physiology Molecular biology Genetics Evolutionary biology Restoration ecology applies ecological principles to return degraded ecosystems to conditions as similar as possible to their natural state Concept 56.1: Human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity Rates of species extinction are difficult to determine under natural conditions The high rate of species extinction is largely a result of ecosystem degradation by humans Humans are threatening Earth’s biodiversity Three Levels of Biodiversity Biodiversity has three main components: Genetic diversity Species diversity Ecosystem diversity Fig. 56-3 Genetic diversity in a vole population Species diversity in a coastal redwood ecosystem Community and ecosystem diversity across the landscape of an entire region Figure 56.3 Three levels of biodiversity Genetic Diversity Genetic diversity comprises genetic variation within a population and between populations Species Diversity Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act: An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” A threatened species is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future Conservation biologists are concerned about species loss because of . | Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology Overview: Striking Gold 1.8 million species have been named and described Biologists estimate 10–200 million species exist on Earth Tropical forests contain some of the greatest concentrations of species and are being destroyed at an alarming rate Humans are rapidly pushing many species toward extinction Fig. 56-1 Figure 56.1 What will be the fate of this newly described bird species? Fig. 56-2 Figure 56.2 Tropical deforestation in West Kalimantan, an Indonesian province Conservation biology, which seeks to preserve life, integrates several fields: Ecology Physiology Molecular biology Genetics Evolutionary biology Restoration ecology applies ecological principles to return degraded ecosystems to conditions as similar as possible to their natural state Concept 56.1: Human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity Rates of species extinction are difficult to determine under natural conditions The high rate of