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Lecture Using information technology (11/e): Chapter 8 - Brian K. Williams, Stacey C. Sawyer

Chapter 8 - The era of big data: The topics discussed in this chapter are: databases, information systems, & artificial intelligence. managing files: basic concepts; database management systems; database models; data mining; the evolving world of big data; information systems in organizations: using databases to help make decisions; artificial intelligence; artificial life, the turing test, & the singularity. | Chapter The Era of Big Data: Databases, Information Systems, & Artificial Intelligence 8 1 Chapter Topics 2 UNIT 8A: Files & Databases 8.1 Managing Files: Basic Concepts 8.2 Database Management Systems 8.3 Database Models 8.4 Data Mining UNIT 8B: Big Data, Information Systems, & Artificial Intelligence 8.5 The Evolving World of Big Data 8.6 Information Systems in Organizations: Using Databases to Help Make Decisions 8.7 Artificial Intelligence 8.8 Artificial Life, the Turing Test, & the Singularity UNIT 8A: Files & Databases Big Data is so large and complex that it cannot be processed using conventional methods, such as ordinary database management software. Some experts expect data to grow by 20 times between 2012 and 2020. 3 8.1 Managing Files Basic Concepts 4 A database is a logically organized collection of related data designed and built for a specific purpose. Data is stored hierarchically for easier storage and retrieval. File (table): collection of related records Records . | Chapter The Era of Big Data: Databases, Information Systems, & Artificial Intelligence 8 1 Chapter Topics 2 UNIT 8A: Files & Databases 8.1 Managing Files: Basic Concepts 8.2 Database Management Systems 8.3 Database Models 8.4 Data Mining UNIT 8B: Big Data, Information Systems, & Artificial Intelligence 8.5 The Evolving World of Big Data 8.6 Information Systems in Organizations: Using Databases to Help Make Decisions 8.7 Artificial Intelligence 8.8 Artificial Life, the Turing Test, & the Singularity UNIT 8A: Files & Databases Big Data is so large and complex that it cannot be processed using conventional methods, such as ordinary database management software. Some experts expect data to grow by 20 times between 2012 and 2020. 3 8.1 Managing Files Basic Concepts 4 A database is a logically organized collection of related data designed and built for a specific purpose. Data is stored hierarchically for easier storage and retrieval. File (table): collection of related records Records (row): collections of related fields Field (column): unit of data containing 1 or more characters Character [Byte]: a letter number or special character made of bits Bit: 0 or 1 5 6 A key field (primary key) is a field (or fields) in a record that holds unique data that identifies that record from all the other records in the table and in the database. Often an identifying number, such as social security number or a student ID number. Keys are used to sort records in different ways. Primary keys must be unique make records distinguishable from one another. Foreign keys appear in other tables and usually refer to primary keys in particular tables; they are used to relate one table to another (to cross-reference data). 7 8.2 Database Management Systems 8 Database Management System (DBMS): software that enables users to store, modify, and extract information from a database DBMS benefits: Reduced data redundancy (redundant data is stored in multiple places, which causes problems keeping all .