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Fundament Electric Counter

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This literature was published years prior to the establishment of Agilent Technologies as a company independent from Hewlett-Packard and describes products or services now available through Agilent. It may also refer to products/services no longer supported by Agilent. We regret any inconvenience caused by obsolete information. | This literature was published years prior to the establishment of Agilent Technologies as a company independent from Hewlett-Packard and describes products or services now available through Agilent. It may also refer to products services no longer supported by Agilent. H www.agilent.com find products Or in the US call Agilent Technologies at 1-800-452-4844 8am-8pm EST Agilent Technologies Fundamentals of the Electronic Counters Application Note 200 Electronic Counter Series 1 Table of Contents Fundamentals of the Conventional Counters.3 The Reciprocal Counters.20 Time Interval Measurement.24 Automatic Microwave Frequency Counters.35 Introduction Purpose of This Application Note When Hewlett-Packard introduced its first digital electronic counter the HP 524A in 1952 a milestone was considered to have been laid in the field of electronic instrumentation. Frequency measurement of up to 10 MHz or a 100-ns resolution of time between two electrical events became possible. Since then electronic counters have become increasingly powerful and versatile in the measurements they perform and have found widespread applications in the laboratories production lines and service centers of the telecommunications electronics electronic components aerospace military computer education and other industries. The advent of the integrated circuit the high speed MOS and LSI devices and lately the microprocessor has brought about a proliferation of products to the counter market. This application note is aimed at introducing to the reader the basic concepts techniques and the underlying principles that constitute the common denominator of this myriad of counter products. Scope The application note begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of the conventional counter the types of measurements it can perform and the important considerations that can have significant impact on measurement accuracy and performance. Following the section on the fundamentals of conventional counters comes a .