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Ebook Handbook of inorganic chemistry: Part 2

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(BQ) Part 2 book "Handbook of inorganic chemistry" has contents: Nickel carbonate, niobium pentafluoride, palladium dichloride, palladium nitrate, phosphonium iodide, phosphorus trichloride, platinum tetrachloride, potassium chlorate,.and other contents. | pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:38 PM Page 507 LITHIUM OXIDE 507 LITHIUM OXIDE [12057-24-8] Formula: Li2O; MW 29.88 Synonym: lithium monoxide Uses Lithium oxide in its highly porous sintered form is used as an absorbent for carbon dioxide. Physical Properties White cubic crystals; refractive index 1.644; density 2.013 g/cm3; melts at 1,570°C; dissolves and decomposes in water (6.67 g/100g at 0°C and 10.02 g/100g at 100°C). Thermochemical Properties ∆Hƒ° (cry) ∆Hƒ° (gas) ∆Gƒ° (cry) ∆Gƒ° (gas) S° (cry) S° (gas) Cρ (cry) Cρ (gas) –142.91 kcal/mol –38.4 kcal/mol –134.13 kcal/mol –43.3 kcal/mol 8.98 cal/degree mol 55.30 cal/degree mol 12.93 cal/degree mol 11.91 cal/degree mol Preparation Lithium oxide is prepared by heating lithium metal in dry oxygen above 100°C: 4Li + O2 heat 2Li2O → Another method of preparation that yields pure lithium oxide involves thermal decomposition of lithium peroxide: 2Li2O2 heat 2Li2O + O2 → Also, the oxide can be produced by heating the pure lithium hydroxide at 800°C in a vacuum: 2LiOH 800°C −−−−−→ Li2O + H2O vacuum Reactions Lithium oxide absorbs carbon dioxide forming lithium carbonate: pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 508 10/23/02 2:38 PM Page 508 LITHIUM SULFATE Li2O + CO2 → Li2CO3 The oxide reacts slowly with water forming lithium hydroxide: Li2O + H2O → 2LiOH There is no reaction with oxygen at high temperature or high pressure to form any peroxide or higher oxide. The oxide reacts with acids forming lithium salts. Analysis Elemental composition: Li 46.45%, O 53.55%. The oxide may be identified from its physical properties and characterized by x-ray analysis. Lithium composition in the oxide may be determined by analyzing the nitric acid extract by AA or ICP (See Lithium). LITHIUM SULFATE [10377-48-7] Formula: Li2SO4; MW 109.94 Also forms a stable monohydrate, Li2SO4•H2O [10102-25-7] Uses Lithium sulfate is used in making a special type of high strength glass. It also is used in medicine as an .