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Ebook Financial accounting and reporting (13th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Financial accounting and reporting" has contents: Construction contracts, ethics for accountants, environmental and social reporting, corporate governance, an introduction to financial reporting on the Internet, tn introduction to financial reporting on the Internet,.and other contents. | M17_ELLI3325_13_SE_C17.QXD CHAPTER 13/7/09 11:35 Page 457 17 R&D; goodwill and intangible assets; brands 17.1 Introduction The main purpose of this chapter is consider the accounting treatments of: ● ● ● ● Research and development Goodwill and intangible assets Brands, and Emissions trading certificates. Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: ● ● ● ● identify research and development (R&D), Goodwill and intangible assets; comment critically on the methods of valuing these items at cost less amortisation and/or impairment; calculate the value of these items in the statement of financial position at cost less amortisation or impairment; prepare extracts of the entries and disclosure of these items in the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position. 17.2 Accounting treatment for research and development Under IAS 38 Intangible Assets,1 the accounting treatment for research and development (R&D) differs depending on whether the expenditure relates to research expenditure or development expenditure. Broadly speaking, research expenditure must always be charged to the statement of comprehensive income and development expenditure should be capitalised provided a strict set of criteria are met. In this section we will consider why there is pressure to write off R&D expenditure, the accounting requirements for R&D, and how development costs are defined. 17.2.1 Why is there a pressure to write off R&D expenditure? Many readers will think of R&D as an investment rather than as a cost. They may well perceive it as a strategic investment that is essential if we are to be competitive in world markets. M17_ELLI3325_13_SE_C17.QXD 13/7/09 11:35 Page 458 458 • Statement of financial position – equity, liability and asset measurement and disclosure This applies particularly to an advanced technical industry such as pharmaceuticals, where a sustained high level of R&D investment is required. The 2008 R&D Scoreboard2 .