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China’s roadmap for fostering S&T and catalyzing innovation: Lessons for India

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This paper investigates the process that has catalyzed the developments in Science and Technology (S&T) and the key factors that have facilitated this process. This paper attempts to bring out the roadmap of the Chinese transformation process in S&T and derive policy lessons for India. | China’s roadmap for fostering S&T and catalyzing innovation 70 CHINA’S ROADMAP FOR FOSTERING S&T AND CATALYZING INNOVATION: LESSONS FOR INDIA1 G. D. Sandhya2, Pradosh Nath3 National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies Abstract In the past three decades since the advent of market oriented reforms began in 1978, China has made rapid strides in catalyzing economic growth. The economic development coincides with the development of significant capabilities in several areas of science, technology, and innovation. China has recorded notable achievements in a number of emerging fields. This paper investigates the process that has catalyzed the developments in Science and Technology (S&T) and the key factors that have facilitated this process. The causality of dynamism of S&T in China points at targeted development, an emphasis on high growth industries and high technology, commensurate resource mobilization, ruthless restructuring of innovation actors, dynamic organization and management of R&D, continuously evolving policies with strict enforcement, and implementable instruments. This paper attempts to bring out the roadmap of the Chinese transformation process in S&T and derive policy lessons for India. Keywords: S&T policies; Innovation policies; S&T indicators; China; India. 1. Introduction One of the most significant changes in the global economy of the 21st century is the emergence of China as a major economy. This economic development coincides with the development of significant capabilities in several areas of science, technology, and innovation. China has made technological advances in key sectors, such as aerospace, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, and the automotive industry (Preeg, 2008). China has narrowed down the scientific gap with developed countries and even managed to leave them behind in certain technology groups. What China has accomplished in the last three decades