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Ebook Essentials of clinical immunology (5/E): Part 2

Part 2 book “Essentials of clinical immunology” has contents: Joints and muscles, skin diseases, eye diseases, chest diseases, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, endocrinology and diabetes, haematological diseases, neuroimmunology, pregnancy, techniques in clinical immunology, and other contents. | CHAPTER 10 10 Joints and Muscles 10.1 Introduction, 178 10.2 Patterns of joint disease, 178 10.3 Arthritis and infection, 179 10.3.1 Septic arthritis, 179 10.4 Rheumatoid arthritis, 180 10.4.1 Diagnosis, 180 10.4.2 Serology, 180 10.4.3 Pathology, 181 10.4.4 Immunopathogenesis, 182 10.4.5 Aetiology, 183 10.4.6 Outcome, 184 10.4.7 Management, 185 10.5 Seronegative spondyloarthritis, 185 10.5.1 Ankylosing spondylitis, 185 10.5.2 Other seronegative spondyloarthritides, 186 10.5.3 Other seronegative arthritides, 187 10.6 Chronic arthritis in children, 188 10.7 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 189 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.7.1 Clinical features, 189 10.7.2 Laboratory findings, 190 10.7.3 Differential diagnosis, 191 10.7.4 Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, 191 10.7.5 Management, 191 10.7.6 Prognosis, 192 10.7.7 Aetiology and pathogenesis, 193 Other connective tissue diseases, 195 10.8.1 Mixed connective tissue disease, 195 10.8.2 Sjögren’s syndrome, 196 10.8.3 Scleroderma, 197 Systemic vasculitis, 197 10.9.1 Polyarteritis nodosa, 197 10.9.2 Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell (temporal) arteritis, 198 10.9.3 Other vasculitides, 199 Inflammatory muscle disease or myositis, 199 Hereditary periodic fevers, 200 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Patterns of joint disease Immunological mechanisms are responsible for many rheumatological diseases. Although these disorders often present with joint or muscle inflammation, many have multisystem involvement with a particular tendency to involve skin, lungs and kidney. These disorders, which include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, scleroderma and some forms of vasculitis, are often referred to as the ‘connective tissue diseases’; this woolly phrase is rather meaningless in pathophysiological terms, but remains in widespread use. Because of the multisystem involvement, discussion of these disorders can also be found in other organ-based chapters. The connective tissue diseases are