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Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

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Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt is a thelytokous parasitoid that attacks the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Its host discrimination and superparasitism behavior was investigated at different host densities | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2016) 40: 1-6 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1404-10 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) 1,2, 2,3 2 1 2 Abdul HANAN *, Muhammad SHAKEEL , Xiong Zhao HE , Abdul RAZZAQ , Qiao WANG Balochistan Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Quetta, Pakistan 2 Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 3 Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan 1 Received: 03.04.2014 Accepted/Published Online: 06.01.2015 Final Version: 01.01.2016 Abstract: Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt is a thelytokous parasitoid that attacks the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Its host discrimination and superparasitism behavior was investigated at different host densities and time intervals between the first and second ovipositions under laboratory conditions (22 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, a 16:8 light:dark photoperiod). At a density of between 10 and 15 hosts, significantly fewer ovipositions in parasitized nymphs were performed by the same experienced parasitoids (SEPs) or by different experienced parasitoids (DEPs) than by naïve parasitoids (NPs) 1 and 24 h after parasitization by the first female. However, at a host density of 15 nymphs, SEPs, NPs, and DEPs allocated significantly fewer eggs in the parasitized hosts than at that a density of 10 nymphs. Our results also showed that with the increase of host density from 20 to 140, the superparasitism rate of E. warrae significantly decreased. The findings from this study in relation to the mass rearing of E. warrae or field release are discussed. Key words: Eretmocerus warrae, superparasitism, host discrimination, host density, time interval 1. Introduction Host discrimination is the ability of a parasitoid to distinguish an .