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Tree-induced changes in a terra rossa soil under olive. Observations from an integrated field study

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A range of indicators including chemical, physical, morphological, and clay mineral properties were investigated to support an integrated evaluation of the changes induced by a long established olive grove on a red Mediterranean soil. The study area was located in Sardinia (Italy). | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2017) 41: 23-34 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1606-57 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Tree-induced changes in a terra rossa soil under olive. Observations from an integrated field study 1 1,2, 3 4 4 Salvatore MADRAU , Claudio ZUCCA *, İhsan AKȘİT , Zülküf KAYA , Selim KAPUR 1 Department of Agriculture, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy 2 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan 3 Central Research Laboratories, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 4 Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey Received: 14.06.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 29.12.2016 Final Version: 20.02.2017 Abstract: A range of indicators including chemical, physical, morphological, and clay mineral properties were investigated to support an integrated evaluation of the changes induced by a long established olive grove on a red Mediterranean soil. The study area was located in Sardinia (Italy). Two soil profiles were studied in a site where land use had remained unchanged for the previous 150 years: one under the canopy and around the trunk of an olive tree and one between the trees. Chemical analyses including organic matter fractions were performed by horizon. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from aggregates for thin section and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, complemented by clay mineralogy. Relative compaction was observed in tree topsoil due to the pressure of the anchoring roots. Lower compaction, higher porosity, and less developed micro-aggregates were observed in deeper horizons in relation with the loosening action induced by roots. Sharper vertical chemical gradients were determined under the tree. Stress features were observed in thin sections from all the horizons. Traces of smectite were determined as indicator of past shrink–swell processes suggesting that the present-day dominance