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Seed and germination characteristics of wild Onobrychis taxa in Turkey

Turkey is of great importance for the biodiversity of genus Onobrychis Adans. and hosts 55 species that are adapted to dry and poor environments. This study was conducted to evaluate 35 Onobrychis taxa in terms of 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, mean germination time, and hard and swollen seeds and to determine the suitability of mechanical scarification for dormancy breaking in species with hard or impermeable seed coats. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Turk J Agric For (2013) 37: 555-560 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1211-29 Seed and germination characteristics of wild Onobrychis taxa in Turkey Süleyman AVCI*, Mehmet Demir KAYA Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey Received: 09.11.2012 Accepted: 06.03.2013 Published Online: 28.08.2013 Printed: 25.09.2013 Abstract: Turkey is of great importance for the biodiversity of genus Onobrychis Adans. and hosts 55 species that are adapted to dry and poor environments. This study was conducted to evaluate 35 Onobrychis taxa in terms of 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, mean germination time, and hard and swollen seeds and to determine the suitability of mechanical scarification for dormancy breaking in species with hard or impermeable seed coats. Seed dormancy was detected in 19 of the investigated species and 14 of the endemic species. Germination percentages of these taxa ranged from 5.5% to 98.0%. The lowest germination rate (5.5%) and the highest hard seed rate (93.0%) were determined in Onobrychis lasiostachya Boiss. Increased germination and decreased hard seed rates were achieved using mechanical scarification with sandpaper in Onobrychis gracilis Besser. Germination of O. lasiostachya, Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss., and Onobrychis podperae Sirj. increased after mechanical scarification. It was concluded that mechanical scarification is an effective method for improving germination of wild Onobrychis taxa. Key words: Onobrychis, germination, dormancy, hard seed, mechanical scarification 1. Introduction There are approximately 170 species of genus Onobrychis, and they are found mainly in southwestern Asia, the Mediterranean region, and temperate Europe and Asia (Cronquist, 1981; Zohary, 1987; Aktoklu, 2001). Turkey has 55 Onobrychis species under 5 different sections, and 28 of them are endemic