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Do organic silicon and imidacloprid synergistically induce toxicity to the new invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Portulaca grandiflora plants

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In this study, the effects of organic silicon (Si) on the toxicity of imidacloprid to a new invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), infesting Portulaca grandiflora (Caryophyllales: Portulacaceae) plants were evaluated using spotting and dipping methods under laboratory and field conditions to improve management strategies for solenopsis mealybug. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2014) 38: 207-213 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1304-29 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Do organic silicon and imidacloprid synergistically induce toxicity to the new invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Portulaca grandiflora plants? 1, 1 2 2 3 1 Jun HUANG * , Juan ZHANG , Daoze WANG , Lili ZHANG , Yijuan XU , Mingjiang LI Flower Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, P.R. China 2 Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer of Hangzhou General Station, Hangzhou, P.R. China 3 Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China 1 Received: 08.04.2013 Accepted: 29.08.2013 Published Online: 27.01.2014 Printed: 24.02.2014 Abstract: In this study, the effects of organic silicon (Si) on the toxicity of imidacloprid to a new invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), infesting Portulaca grandiflora (Caryophyllales: Portulacaceae) plants were evaluated using spotting and dipping methods under laboratory and field conditions to improve management strategies for solenopsis mealybug. Results showed significant synergistic effects of 0.06% organic Si with imidacloprid solution against third-instar P. solenopsis nymphs and adult females. However, the percentage mortalities increased remarkably after P. solenopsis was exposed to 100, 50, and 25 mg a.i./L of imidacloprid combined with organic Si. For the third-instar nymphs, these values increased to 100%, 100%, and 92.5%, respectively; for the adult females, these values increased to 100%, 100%, and 82.4%, respectively. After 5 days, the percentage mortalities reached 84.7%, 56.1%, and 39.7% when the third-instar nymphs were exposed to 100, 50, and 25 mg a.i./L of imidacloprid solution, respectively. The percentage mortalities reached 57.5%, 38.9%, and 26.2% when adult females were exposed to