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Phenetic assessment among Heliotropium L. s.l. species

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Genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae s.l.) is one of the difficult taxonomic complexes. The validity of phenetic investigations is often questioned in contrast to the modern phylogenetic approaches. | Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2018) 42: 732-755 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1709-23 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article Phenetic assessment among Heliotropium L. s.l. species 1 2, 2 Azza EL-HADIDY , Asmaa OLWEY *, Salah EL NAGGAR Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 1 Received: 15.09.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 22.06.2018 Final Version: 22.11.2018 Abstract: Genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae s.l.) is one of the difficult taxonomic complexes. The validity of phenetic investigations is often questioned in contrast to the modern phylogenetic approaches. In this study, 120 different populations of 17 Heliotropium taxa were analyzed, using 169 macro- and micromorphological characters to assess the phenetic relationships between taxa. The macromorphology of all parts of the studied taxa (vegetative, floral, and fruit) was investigated, along with some micromorphological characters including indumentum and anatomy. The most significant characters were calyx asymmetry, corolla color and lobe shape, anther connation in young flowers, staminal connective tissue prolongation, shape of stigma, shape of leaf blade, petiole, and venation. Ten different types of trichomes were recognized and organized into four general categories: a) glandular hairs; b) eglandular branched unicellular hairs (T-shaped, 2-armed hairs); c) eglandular unbranched simple hairs; and d) eglandular unbranched pustular hairs that usually bear cystolith structures. The anatomy revealed two patterns of vascularization in cross-sections of the petioles; the vascular tissue is either arranged in a complete ring or in an arc-shaped pattern. In comparison to the classic infrageneric classification of the genus, our results were in line with the traditional sectional essence. However, numerical analyses revealed the uniqueness of .