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Aging and cancer: Molecular facts and awareness for Turkey

Two important subjects concerning extension of the human life-span are biological aging processes and their relationship to diseases, and especially to the formation of cancer. It is clear that an aging population poses some challenges for developing countries. | Turkish Journal of Biology http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ Review Article Turk J Biol (2014) 38: 708-719 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/biy-1405-9 Aging and cancer: molecular facts and awareness for Turkey Gülgün GÜNDÜZ*, Kayahan FIŞKIN Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Received: 02.05.2014 Accepted: 27.07.2014 Published Online: 24.11.2014 Printed: 22.12.2014 Abstract: Two important subjects concerning extension of the human life-span are biological aging processes and their relationship to diseases, and especially to the formation of cancer. It is clear that an aging population poses some challenges for developing countries. We set out to show the demographic structure of Turkey and to discuss the feasibility of decreasing the prevalence of cancer. We overviewed the literature on the relationship between biological aging and cancer formation, the environmental causes of cancer, and age-related characteristics of cancer in the elderly. In addition, some statistical data on the changing demography of Turkey were reviewed. It is seen that some predictions and preliminary preparations should be taken. However, in order to take precautions, first of all there must be a holistic approach from the causes to the consequences. Key words: Biological aging, cancer, molecular mechanisms, environmental factors, age-related cancer characteristics, epidemiology, Turkey 1. Biological aging Aging is a complex process influenced by multiple factors including biology and behavior as well as physical, social, and cultural aspects of the human environment. Additionally, these factors interact with each other. Aging starts biologically and then the other dimensions come. Biological aging is a time-related increase in an organism’s intrinsic morbidity and mortality (Kirkwood and Austad, 2000; Adams et al., 2004; Hipkiss, 2007). Aging is universal and progressive and represents a steady decrease in .