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A discussion on risk factors, therapeutic approach of endometritis and metritis in cattle

Metritis and endometritis are the very common postpartum uterine infections that results into infertility in dairy cattle, production loss and economical losses to the farmer. As postpartum uterus favors bacterial growth so it is frequently found in almost of unhygienic environment reared animals. Breaching of birth canal during dystocia, retention of placenta, wet environment during winter season and immunosuppression due to many reasons are the risk factors for the bacteria invasion to uterus. Although in normal condition these infections are eliminated in animals by uterine involution, passage of lochia, and through the mobilization of immune defense system within few weeks after parturition. Bacterial products causes inflammation, suppress pituitary LH secretion, and postpartum ovarian follicular growth and function, which disrupts ovulation, makes cattle infertile and can cause some severe systemic illness, even death of animal. Metritis and endometritis generally treated with the systemic antibiotics. As many study suggested that there is not so significant beneficial effect of intrauterine antibiotic infusions but not to be negated as some found positive effect. Neomycin is only labeled drug for intrauterine preparations. Ceftiofur and oxytetracycline parentally are good choice for the treatment of metritis and endometritis. Thus, metritis and endometritis affected animal having lower conception rates, increased intervals from calving to first service or conception. | A discussion on risk factors, therapeutic approach of endometritis and metritis in cattle