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Morphological development and ultrastructural changes during somatic embryogenesis of popular banana cultivars

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Somatic embryogenesis based plant regeneration is a pre-requisite for genetic transformation of banana. Mass multiplication of banana through somatic embryogenesis is also viewed as an economically viable alternative to commonly used shoot tip based method. Banana somatic embryogenesis response was studied in three popular banana cultivars, Grand Naine, Rasthali and Hill banana „Virupakshi‟. Immature male flower bud explant was used for embryogenic callus induction. Different morphological types of calli were produced during callus induction that includes both embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli. White translucent pro-embryogenic calli were found to be suitable for establishment of embryogenic cell suspension (ECS). Regeneration potential of ECS was assessed and the development of different stages of embryo viz., globular, scutellum, and coleoptillar stages was observed under scanning electron microscope to understand their ultra-structure. The differences in the duration of developmental stages and regeneration potential could be attributed to the genomic differences of cultivars involved. | Morphological development and ultrastructural changes during somatic embryogenesis of popular banana cultivars