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Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh - Phần 17

Tài liệu tham khảo Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh gồm 41 phần giúp sinh viên khoa kinh tế học tốt môn Kinh tế vi mô. Tài liệu này là phần 17 giới thiệu về " Cân bằng - Equilibrium " | CHAPTER EQUILIBRIUM In preceding chapters we have seen how to construct individual demand curves by using information about preferences and prices. In Chapter 15 we added up these individual demand curves to construct market demand curves. In this chapter we will describe how to use these market demand curves to determine the equilibrium market price. In Chapter 1 we said that there were two fundamental principles of micro-economic analysis. These were the optimization principle and the equilibrium principle. Up until now we have been studying examples of the optimization principle what follows from the assumption that people choose their consumption optimally from their budget sets. In later chapters we will continue to use optimization analysis to study the profit-maximization behavior of firms. Finally we combine the behavior of consumers and firms to study the equilibrium outcomes of their interaction in the market. But before undertaking that study in detail it seems worthwhile at this point to give some examples of equilibrium analysis how the prices adjust so as to make the demand and supply decisions of economic agents compatible. In order to do so we will have to briefly consider the other side of the market the supply side. MARKET EQUILIBRIUM 289 16.1 Supply We have already seen a few examples of supply curves. In Chapter 1 we looked at a vertical supply curve for apartments. In Chapter 9 we considered situations where consumers would choose to be net suppliers or demanders of goods that they owned and we analyzed labor-supply decisions. In all of these cases the supply curve simply measured how much the consumer was willing to supply of a good at each possible market price. Indeed this is the definition of the supply curve for each p we determine how much of the good will be supplied S p . In the next few chapters we will discuss the supply behavior of firms. However for many purposes it is not really necessary to know where the supply curve or the .