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Levels of analysis from theory to practice - case study: U.S. policy in the East Sea under the trump administration

Three levels of analysis (individuals, nation states and international system) which have been widely recognized in foreign policy are applicable in explaining whether the Trump Administration has actually had a policy in the East Sea. At individual level, President Trump first announced the U.S. “Free and Open Indo – Pacific Strategy” in November 2017, in which the East Sea is known as an important factor of security pillar to preserve vitality of free and open air and maritime space in the region. | 170 P. M. Thu VNU Journal of Foreign Studies Vol.36 No.4 2020 170-181 LEVELS OF ANALYSIS FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE - CASE STUDY U.S. POLICY IN THE EAST SEA UNDER THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION Pham Minh Thu Diplomatic Academy of Viet Nam Americas Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs 69 Chua Lang Dong Da Hanoi Vietnam Received 02 March 2020 Revised 15 May 2020 Accepted 27 May 2020 Abstract Three levels of analysis individuals nation states and international system which have been widely recognized in foreign policy are applicable in explaining whether the Trump Administration has actually had a policy in the East Sea. At individual level President Trump first announced the U.S. Free and Open Indo Pacific Strategy in November 2017 in which the East Sea is known as an important factor of security pillar to preserve vitality of free and open air and maritime space in the region. It was then echoed at national level by national strategies including the National Security Strategy National Defense Strategy and National Military Strategy. Also members of the U.S. Cabinet and Congress have shown support for the Indo Pacific Strategy in general and the U.S. policy in the East Sea in particular. In order to cope up with China s assertiveness in this waterway at systematic level the Trump Administration has unceasingly projected considerable its power including increasing military presence and regional maritime capacity building efforts as well as frequent freedom of navigations FONOPS . In the context that territorial disputes remain complex and unforeseeable it is valuable to have a thorough look at the Trump s East Sea policy for claimants in this water including Viet Nam. Keywords Levels of analysis Trump policy East Sea. 1. Introduction 1 2. Levels of analysis Three levels of analysis individuals nation It is disputable whether the U.S. states and international system have been long Administrations including the Trump developed and widely recognized in foreign Administration .