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IELTS Academic Reading Sample 164 - The Nature and Aims of Archaeology

Tài liệu tham khảo IELTS Academic Reading Sample 164 - The Nature and Aims of Archaeology dành cho các bạn chuẩn bị bước vào kì thi quốc tế, tài liệu giúp các bạn nắm vững các kiến thức căn bản và có thêm nhiều kĩ năng khi làm bài để đạt được thành tích cao, đồng thời giúp ích cho bạn trong công việc tương lai. | You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40. which are based on Reading Passage 164. The Nature and Aims of Archaeology Archaeology is partly the discovery of treasures of the past partly the work of the scientific analyst partly the exercise of the creative imagination. It is toiling in the sun on an excavation in the Middle East it is working with living Inuit in the snows of Alaska and it is investigating the sewers of Roman Britain. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation so that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story. And it is the conservation of the world s cultural heritage against looting and careless harm. Archaeology then is both a physical activity out in the field and an intellectual pursuit in the study or laboratory. That is part of its great attraction. The rich mixture of danger and detective work has also made it the perfect vehicle for fiction writers and film-makers from Agatha Christie with Murder in Mesopotamia to Stephen Spielberg with Indiana Jones. However far from reality such portrayals are they capture the essential truth that archaeology is an exciting quest the quest for knowledge about ourselves and our past. But how does archaeology relate to other disciplines such as anthropology and history that are also concerned with the human story Is archaeology itself a science And what are the responsibilities of the archaeologist in today s world Anthropology at its broadest is the study of humanity- our physical characteristics as animals and our unique non-biological characteristics that we call culture. Culture in this sense includes what the anthropologist Edward Tylor summarised in 1871 as knowledge beliefs art morals custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society . Anthropologists also use the term culture in a more restricted sense when they refer to the culture of a particular society meaning the non-biological characteristics unique to that .