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Morphogenesis of immature female inflorescences of date palm in vitro

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The highest significant values of total soluble sugars and their fractions were noted in explant stage. Embryogenic callus stage induced a significant increase in total soluble sugars, free amino acids, phenols and indoles concentrations as compared to callus and mature somatic embryo. | Annals of Agricultural Science 2015 60 1 113 120 H O S T E D BY Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Annals of Agricultural Science www.elsevier.com locate aoas Morphogenesis of immature female inflorescences of date palm in vitro Eman M.M. Zayed a Ola H. Abd Elbar b a The Central Laboratory of Date Palm Researches and Development Agriculture Research Center Cairo Egypt b Agricultural Botany Department Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Egypt Received 1 April 2015 revised 18 April 2015 accepted 19 April 2015 Available online 13 May 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract Plant regeneration from immature female inflorescences of date palm Phoenix In vitro dactylifera L. cultivar Siwi semi-dry cv. via somatic embryogenesis was achieved. Immature inflo- Female inflorescences rescences explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with TDZ Phoenix dactylifera at 1.0 mg l. Endogenous hormones GA3 IAA Zeatin and ABA total soluble sugars reducing TDZ and non-reducing sugars free amino acids indoles and phenols were determined. The levels of Morphogenesis GA3 and IAA in explant reached the highest values and then decreased in callus stage. Zeatin Histology IAA and ABA levels were higher in embryogenic callus. GA3 and zeatin in mature somatic embryo maintained a relatively high level while IAA and ABA dropped. The highest significant values of total soluble sugars and their fractions were noted in explant stage. Embryogenic callus stage induced a significant increase in total soluble sugars free amino acids phenols and indoles concen- trations as compared to callus and mature somatic embryo. Callus induction was achieved by TDZ after 4 5 weeks of culture. The callus differentiated into embryogenic calli on free cytokinin med- ium. Light microscope observations revealed that the callus consisted of two different types of cells soft vacuolated cells which did not implicate in embryo formation and compact aggregate cell masses which have the ability to .