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Knowledge-Based Enterprise: Theories and Fundamentals - Appendix

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Appendix: Knowledge, Information, and Knowledge ystems: Explaining the Conceptual Confusion. Glossary | 346 Geisler Appendix Knowledge Information and Knowledge Systems Explaining the Conceptual Confusion Elie Geisler Illinois Institute of Technology USA Introduction The following discusses human knowledge as a personal cognitive process. It challenges the information-knowledge progression of conventional thinking and serves to not only underscore that KM is a complex management technique but also an evolving field. What is Knowledge Knowledge is a mental or cognitive state or phenomenon in which an individual has mastered a description of reality a concept or slices thereof. There is no knowledge but that which exists in the mind. The essence of the word knowledge is to know something with familiarity gained through experience or association as defined Copyright 2007 Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. TEAM LinG Appendix 347 in the dictionary. Hence experiences or associations are phenomena of cognition which occur in the mind. Does this focused definition of knowledge necessarily prescribe the doom of knowledge systems in organizations Not in the least. There is ample room and compelling reasons for knowledge systems to exist. The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the confusion that seems to pervade the literature as to what constitutes knowledge and how it relates to information. The assertion that knowledge as we define it exists only as a cognitive phenomenon has been previously addressed by those who considered the existence of tacit knowledge. Michael Polanyi coined this term and advanced the argument that there are two types of knowledge 1 tacit which is knowledge contained in the person s mind and 2 explicit which is knowledge that people externalize share and diffuse. Ikujiro Nonaka and his colleagues extended this typology of knowledge. They revealed the method used by successful Japanese companies to facilitate the sharing of knowledge by their members thus .