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Oxford guide to english grammar part 3

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The Oxford Guide to English Grammaris a systematic account of grammatical forms and the way they are used in standard British English today. The emphasis is on meanings and how they govern the choice of grammatical pattern. | 2 THE SIMPLE SENTENCE PAGE 8 2 A transitive verb takes an object. The man stole a coat. Everyone enjoyed the conference. The driver saw the hitch-hiker at the side of the road. The man had no money. Transitive verbs can express not only actions stole but also feelings enjoyed perception saw and possession had . After some transitive verbs we can leave out the object when it would add little or nothing to the meaning. The man opposite was reading a book . We re going to eat a meal . A woman was driving the coach . We can also leave out the object after these verbs ask answer a question draw paint apicture enter leave a room building pass fail a test exam play win lose a game practise a skill sing a song speak afew words study a subject . The following verbs can also be without an object ifthe context is clear begin choose decide hear help know notice see start. NOTE There must be an object after discuss and deny. The committee discussed the problem. He denied the accusation. 3 Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive. Transitive Intransitive The driver stopped the coach. He opened the door. I broke a cup. Someone rang the bell. The coach stopped. The door opened. The cup broke. The bell rang. The two sentences can describe the same event. The transitive sentence has as its subject the agent the person who made the event happen the driver . The intransitive sentence describes the event but does not mention the agent. Here are some common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive alter develop increase shine tear begin divide join shut turn bend drive melt slide weaken boil dry mix smash unite break end move soften burn finish open sound change fly pour spread close freeze ring stand cook hang roll start combine harden sail stop continue hurt separate strengthen crash improve shake swing NOTE Raise is transitive and rise is intransitive. The oil companies will raise their prices. The price of oil will rise. For lay and lie 11 2 Note b. PAGE 9 9 Linking .