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Oxford guide to english grammar part 26

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Tham khảo tài liệu 'oxford guide to english grammar part 26', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | PAGE 169 137 Participle noun Here the understood subject of the participle is the same as the subject ofthe main clause. But sometimes the subjects can be different when there is no danger of misunderstanding. Knowing how little time she had this new delay infuriated her. Because she knew. she was infuriated . When adjusting the machine the electricity supply should be disconnected. When you adjust. you should disconnect. Here the understood subject of the participle can also be understood as the subject of the main clause. The subjects do not need to be the same when we use following after considering in view of and regarding about . Following the lecture we were able to ask questions. Considering the awful weather our Open Day was a great success. No action has been taken regarding your complaint. The subjects can also be different with strictly speaking having said that and talking of. 139 7 137 Participle noun 1 We can use an active or passive participle before a noun. Active Boiling water turns to steam. water which is boiling The team was welcomed by cheering crowds. Passive I had a reserved seat. a seat which had been reserved The experiment must be done under controlled conditions. The terrorists used a stolen car. This pattern is often neater than using a finite clause such as When water boils it turns to steam or The terrorists used a car they had stolen. The participle modifies the noun like an adjective. Compare hot water enthusiastic crowds a special seat. But we cannot always use the pattern. For example we can say a barking dog but NOT an eating dog. NOTE a Be passive participle can express either a state or an action. 105 4 State The terrorists car was stolen. It wasn t theirs. Action The car was stolen two days before the incident. b For adjectives in ing and ed e.g. am-using and amused 203. 2 Sometimes we put an adverb before the participle. fanatically cheering crowds properly trained staff We can also form compounds with adverbs or nouns. a .