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The grammar book teacher course part 93

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar book teacher course part 93', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | ii18 The Grammar Book The Meaning of VerbsTaking Gerunds Verbs that require gerunds such as enjoy risk deny avoid appreciate defend quit and stop among others encode actions in the gerund complement that are vivid real ongoing in the present or completed in the past. They represent the success of the subject of the main verb or the gerund in accomplishing some outcome which may be positive or negative Bob enjoys going to the movies. Bob succeeds in going to movies. Sue avoided talking to Barry. Sue succeeded in not talking to Barry. This is very different from those main verbs taking infinitives which encode future unfulfilled projections rather than past or present accomplishments in the complement. Mary wanted to see the play. Mary saw the play. We discuss this distinction further in the next section. Infinitive To-Complements Versus Gerund -ing Complements There is considerable overlap across the class of verbs that pennit subject-control infinitive complements and those that permit gerund -ingcomplements. The overlap is illustrated in die italicized forms in the lists below Verbs taking infinitives begin choose contimie dare expect fail forget hate hope intend like love manage prefer proceed promise refuse regret remember start tend try want vow Verbs taking gerund -ing admit appreciate avoid begin continue defend deny dislike enjoy finish forget hate intend like love prefer quit recall regret remember resume risk start stop try In many of the cases of overlap there is a distinct meaning difference implied one which is worth focusing on here and pointing out to learners. In some cases the difference is substantial. Consider the options with forget. He forgot to buy the books. He forgot buying the books. In the case where the infinitive is chosen no books were bought because of forgetfulness while the action described in the second sentence above actually happened but was subsequently forgotten . Likewise with remember. She remembered to do her homework. She .