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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 87

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 87', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | I. Relevant classes of temporal adverbials 595 I watched TV all afternoon. Bill arrived all afternoon. 12.4 Non inclusive heterogeneous time-specifying adverbials 12.4.1 Within the class of heterogeneous time-specifying adverbials which can only indicate a period as a whole there is a formal distinction between prepositional phrases introduced by within or in in the sense of within and other adverbials. As noted in 1.46.1 with in-adverbials which we can refer to as inclusive adverbials can only be added to a clause with a telic VP see 1.39 . Compare I have received three threatening letters. receive three letters is a telic VP I have received three threatening letters in within the last four weeks. inclusive adverbial I have been working very hard. work hard is an atelic VP I have been working very hard in within the last four weeks. inclusive adverbial I have been working very hard for the last four weeks. noninclusive adverbial 12.4.2 Not every temporal adverbial introduced by in is an inclusive adverbial. Time-specifying adverbials like in the past in 1999 etc. are not inclusive. Neither is in a few days in I m leaving in a few days. We can only speak of an inclusive meaning if the in-adverbial measures the duration of the period containing the time s of actualization of the situation s referred to and at the same time measures either the length duration of one bounded situation or the number of subsituations making up a bounded repetitive hypersituation I met him twice in a few days. inclusive I ll see him in a week. noninclusive because in a week does not measure the duration of a bounded situation I ve visited him three times in one week. inclusive He wrote that novel in less than two weeks. inclusive I ve written several novels in the past. not inclusive because in the past does not measure the length of the repetitive hypersituation 596 12. Preterite vs present perfect in clauses with temporal adverbials II. Temporal adverbials and the choice between past .