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Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - S

Từ điển khoa học động vật vần S | Salmon Barbara Grisdale-Helland AKVAFORSK Sunndals0ra Norway Stale J. Helland Aquaculture Protein Centre CoE Sunndals0ra Norway Kari Kolstad AKVAFORSK As Norway INTRODUCTION The production of farmed salmon for food started in the 1960s aided by experience from the production of young salmon and trout for release in rivers. Since that time selective breeding programs and improved feeds and management have contributed to the tremendous growth in the salmon industry. During the period 1985 2001 the world production of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar increased from 38 797 T to 1 025 287 T. In 2001 Norway and Chile produced 43 and 25 of the Atlantic salmon respectively. Atlantic salmon are grown in fresh water to a size of about 70 g and are then transferred to cages in the sea where during the next 9 12 months they grow to a market size of 3 to 5 kg. The main ingredients in salmon feed are fish meal and fish oil although the use of alternative sources of protein and fat is increasing. The optimal dietary protein level for salmon is higher than for terrestrial species because fish use a higher proportion of the protein for energy. Despite this the proportion of consumed protein retained in the edible portion of salmon is about 30 two times higher than for chickens and pigs. PRODUCTION The Salmonidae family includes the genera Salmo Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus comprising the salmon trout and char. Atlantic salmon have been held in culture for release in rivers since the 1800s and in a farming situation for food production since the 1960s. Atlantic salmon make up the greatest part of the world production of the various salmon species 1 025 287 T in 2001. 1 Four countries Norway Chile the United Kingdom and Canada produce almost 90 Fig. 1 the rest being produced by eight other countries. Of the Pacific salmon species the production of coho salmon Oncorhynchus Encyclopedia of Animal Science DOI 10.1081 EEAS 120019790 Copyright 2005 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All rights .