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The A to Z of the Vikings 6

The A to Z of the Vikings 6. This book provides a comprehensive work of reference for people interested in the Vikings, including entries on the main historical figures involved in this dramatic period, important battles and treaties, significant archaeological finds, and key works and sources of information on the period. It also summarizes the impact the Vikings had on the areas where they traveled and settled. There is a chronological table, detailed and annotated bibliographies for different themes and geographical locations, and an introduction discussing the major events and developments of the Viking age | 28 AMERICA NORTH VIKINGS IN L Anse aux Meadows suggests that the Norse Greenlanders reached North America by around the year 1000 and although the occupation of that site was relatively short-lived there is archaeological evidence which suggests that the Norse continued to visit parts of the North American continent and the Canadian Arctic islands in the far north. Many objects of medieval Norse manufacture have been recently discovered during excavations on sites in Arctic Canada. Many of these come from Inuit dwelling sites on the Arctic mainland and neighboring islands and could have been acquired by trade pillage or chance discovery and recovery of discarded objects. In particular a large number of artifacts have been recovered from the east coast of Ellesmere Island which faces northern Greenland across Kane Bay during excavations from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s. For example the finds from ancient Thule-culture houses on Skraeling Island off the east coast of Ellesmere Island include iron ship rivets fragments of woolen cloth a carpenter s plane some fragments of chain mail knife and spear blades and a carved wooden figure whose features are non-Inuit in character. The majority of these finds from Arctic Canada can be dated to the 13th and 14th centuries. Norse explorers encountered a number of different native peoples whom they referred to as skraelings an umbrella term that included both Paleo-Indian and Paleo-Inuit Eskimo peoples. The Dorset people a Paleo-Inuit group lived in the Canadian Arctic and northern Greenland although their settlements started to contract around the year 1000 leaving Ellesmere Island and Greenland first. The Norse may have encountered them in Labrador around the east coast of Hudson Bay and on Baffin Island in the 13th century but by the middle of the 15 th century the Dorset culture had disappeared from North America. Instead from about 1200 onward parts of Arctic Canada previously inhabited by the Dorset people were occupied