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Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice - Part 14

Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice - Part 14. This book provides the most current frameworks, research, and approaches for understanding how unique features of the urban physical and social environments that shape the health of over half of the world's population that is already residing in large cities. Its interdisciplinary research and practice focus is a welcome innovation. | Implications of Findings 111 Although the analysis found that people within the impact zones were much more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than those living outside the impact zones the risks vary depending on the source of air pollution. Living within toxic release inventory and major stationary point source impact zones poses a higher risk than living within the limited access highway and major truck route impact zones according to the proximity and odds ratio analyses. In looking at the number of observed cases versus the number of expected cases based on the overall Bronx five-year average asthma hospitalization rate the observed cases within the combined impact zones are higher than expected and those in the areas outside the combined impact zones are lower than expected. A Standardized Incidence Ratio SIR was calculated by dividing the observed number of asthma hospitalizations by the expected number of asthma hospitalizations for each subpopulation as defined by impact zone state inside or outside impact zone and further refined by age cohort all ages 0-15 and 16 . The overall Bronx hospitalization rates were calculated by dividing the total number of asthma hospitalizations by age cohort by the appropriate susceptible populations of the Bronx. The resultant rates were then multiplied by each of the subpopulations to arrive at the expected numbers of hospitalizations. Our analysis confirmed that there was a statistically significant higher incidence of asthma hospitalizations within the impact zones than outside them for each age cohort examined. Based on our initial analyses the highways and truck routes seemed to have a protective nature regarding the likelihood of being hospitalized for asthma. This was counterintuitive to the findings of previous studies as well as to anecdotal information given to us by the community partners. Based on further ground-truthing type information given to us by the community partners we realized that the results for .