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Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - H

Tự điển chuyên ngành nông nghiệp thế giới Vol1 - Bắc Mỹ - Vần H | Haida 135 Haida ETHNONYMS Haidah Hydah Hyder Orientation Identification. The Haida are an American Indian group whose traditional territory covered the Queen Charlotte Islands off the coast of British Columbia and a section of the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. The name Haida is an Anglicized version of the Northern Haida s name for themselves meaning to be human to be a Haida. Location. The Queen Charlotte Islands which includes 2 large and about 150 small islands lie from thirty to eighty miles off the north coast of British Columbia between 52 and 54 15 N. Haida territory in southeastern Alaska extended to about 55 30 N. This is an ecologically diverse territory with considerable variation from one locale to another in rainfall flora fauna topography and soil At the time of first contact with Europeans in the late 1700s the Haida were settled in a number of towns that formed six regional-linguistic subdivisions the Kaigani people the people of the north coast of Graham Island the Slridegate Inlet people the people of the west coast of Moresby Island the people of the east coast of Moresby Island and the southern Kunghit people. In the 1970s four divisions were still recognized. Demography. A census conducted from 1836 to 1841 suggested a total Haida population of about 8 000. By 1901 the population had declined to about 900 and then to 588 in 1915. Since that time it has gradually increased and today there are about 2 000 Haida in Canada and 1 500 in southeastern Alaska. Linguistic Affiliation. The Haida language is apparently unrelated to any other known language although at one time it was classified in the Na Dene language family. Before European settlement there were Northern and Southern dialects and a number of subdialects spoken in specific towns or regions. Today there are few Haida speakers left. History and Cultural Relations The first known European contact was with the Spanish explorer Juan Perez in 1774. For the next fifty years the .