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Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - K

Tự điển chuyên ngành nông nghiệp thế giới Vol1 - Bắc Mỹ - Vần K | Karok ỉ 75 Kalapuya Kansa ETHNONYM Calapooya The Kalapuya are an American Indian group who in the late eighteenth century numbered about three thousand and occupied the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. The Kalapuya language belonged to the Penutian language phylum. A smallpox epidemic in 1782-1783 wiped out an estimated two thousand Kalapuya and between 1850 and 1853 large numbers were again taken by the disease. After being removed to reservation lands in 1854 and 1855 the Kalapuya dwindled to near extinction by the early twentieth century and today number no more than about a hundred. The Kalapuya subsisted mainly as hunters of deer elk bear and beaver and gatherers of nuts and berries although they also fished with spears and traps. The group consisted of nine tribes or subdivisions each of which was further subdivided into small villages led by chiefs. Religious life centered around personal quests for guardian spirits. According to traditional customs the dead were buried with their personal possessions mourners cut their hair and widows painted their faces red for a month. The Kansa Kaw Hutanga lived in the general area of the Kansas River in northeastern Kansas and in the adjoining part of Missouri. They now live in a federal trust area in north-central Oklahoma where they are largely assimilated into the White community. They spoke a Dhegiha Siouan language and numbered about nine hundred in the 1980s. Bibliography Unrau William E. 1971 . The Kansa Indians A History of the Wind People 1673-1873. Norman University of Oklahoma Press. Karok Bibliography Mackey Harold 1974 . The Kalapuyans A Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley. Salem Oreg. Mission Hill Museum Association. Kalispel The Kalispel Kulleespelm Pend d Oreilles including the Semteuse Sematuse lived around Pend d Oreille River and Lake and around Priest Lake in northern Idaho. They now live on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana and the Colville Indian Reservation in .