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Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - Z, END

Tự điển chuyên ngành nông nghiệp thế giới Vol1 - Bắc Mỹ - Vần Z và tài liệu tham khảo | 396 Yurok in the twentieth the sick person confessed wrongdoings to the doctor followed by positive prayer as part of the cure. Death and Afterlife. At death the body was painted with soot and a dentalium shell inserted through the nasal septum. Great efforts were made to avoid contamination through contact with the corpse. Burial was in town cemeteries often in small plots where several bodies might occupy a single grave. The dead were thought to go below where the dead Yurok had to cross a river on a boat. If the boat tipped over the corpse was revived on earth. Once the river had been crossed however return was impossible. The dead were ascribed to three types of afterlife those killed by weapons went to the willows forever dancing and shouting in a war dance thieves and contentious persons went to an inferior place and a rich peaceable man went to the sky. Bibliography Heizer Robert F. and M. A. Whipple 1971 . The California Indians A Source Book. 2nd ed. Berkeley University of California Press. Kroeber Alfred L. 1925 . Handbook of the Indians of California. U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin no. 78 1-97. Washington D.C. Reprint Berkeley California Book Co. 1953. Pilling Arnold R. 1978 . Yurok. In Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 8 California edited by Robert F. Heizer 137-154. Washington D.C. Smithsonian Institution. Swezey Sean 1975 . The Energetics of SubsistenceAssurance Ritual in Native California. In Ethnographic Interpretations 12 13 edited by Sean Swezey et al. 1 -46. University of California Archaeological Research Facility Contributions no. 23. Berkeley. THOMAS R. HESTER Zuni ETHNONYMS Ashiwi Cibola Cuni Narsh-tiz-a Apache Nashtezhe Navajo Quini Saray Tiwa Seven Cities of Cibola Siyo Hopi Sumi Sunyitai or Su nyitsa Keres Orientation Identification. The Zuni Indians live today on the Zuni Reservation in west-central New Mexico. The name Zuni appears to have derived ultimately from Keresan wherein Acoma and Santa Ana su ny denotes a Zuni