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Introdungcing English language part 36

Introdungcing English language part 36: 'In this exciting new textbook, Louise Mullany and Peter Stockwell have provided a fresh and imaginative set of alternatives for teaching and learning a huge amount about the English language. The book allows tor creative and lateral approaches to developing an understanding of important linguistic concepts and, together with the thought-provoking activities, and accessible readings, guarantees there is something to stimulate every learner. | Beverley Collins and Inger Mees 196 EXTENSION LINGUISTIC READINGS At first sight it would appear that glottalisation is indeed beginning to invade the speech of Cardiff working-class females the average scores for the group as a whole are considerably higher in 1990 than in the two earlier recordings. But there is actually more involved. Tables D1.4 and D1.5 present the percentage of glottalised and other variants of word-final t in the interview style of each of the four working-class girls. There is an apparently inconsistent pattern inasmuch as two informants Carol and Judy show a considerable glottalisation increase whereas the others Julie and Marilyn do not. However social mobility and personal ambition cf. Douglas-Cowie 1978 must be taken into account if the developing pattern is to prove liable to explanation. To do so involves abandoning for the moment quantitative research techniques and going beyond the statistical data to consider the personalities and backgrounds of the individuals concerned. All four subjects spent their childhood and teenage years in Ely a sprawling council house estate on the west side of Cardiff notorious for its image of criminality high unemployment and social deprivation and all were classified as working class on the basis of their father s occupation. All four informants had low glottalisation scores both in their first interviews as children aged approximately 10 and in their teens aged about 14 . From then on however a dichotomy emerges coinciding with widening differences in lifestyles and career prospects. In their interviews two of the subjects gave considerable evidence of ambitious career plans and determination to improve their living circumstances. Both had indeed in terms of their own or their Table D1.4 Percentage of t 7 t and 0 for pre-consonantal word-final t interview style at three points in time four subjects individually scored Word-final t t V Vt 0 N tokens Carol 1976 55.2 20.7 24.1 29 1981 47.2 7.6 45.3 53 .