Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 72

An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 72. This one of a kind encyclopedia presents the entire field of technology from rudimentary agricultural tools to communication satellites in this first of its kind reference source. Following an introduction that discusses basic tools, devices, and mechanisms, the chapters are grouped into five parts that provide detailed information on materials, power and engineering, transportation, communication and calculation, and technology and society, revealing how different technologies have together evolved to produce enormous changes in the course of history | PART FOUR COMMUNICATION AND CALCULATION Table 15.2 The expansion of electronics and its effect on industry. Date Inventor INDUSTRY world-wide Category 1 Small approx. i-io ooo Category 11 Medium approx to.ooo-1 oo ooo Category III Large over 100 000 1831 Faradav Electricity 1831 Faradav Transformers generation 37 Cooke el al. Relays 37 Davenport Electric motors 39 Dancer Microfilming 39 Grove Fuel cells 843 Bain Facsimile repro. 1857 Wrav Mercurv arc lamps i860 Plante Accumulators 1868 Leclanche Drv batteries 1876 Fitzgerald Paper capacitors 1876 Bell Telephones 1877 Edison Carbon microphones Phonograph 877 Siemens Loudspeakers 1878 Swan Edison el al. Electric lamps 1885 Bradley Carbon composition resistors 1887 Berliner Gramophones 1895 Röntgen X-ravs 1896 Marconi Radio 1897 Braun Cathode rav oscillographs 1898 Poulsen Magnetic recorders 1901 Cooper-Hewitt Fluorescent lamps 1906 de Forest Three-electrode tubes 1908 Cahill Electric organs 1910 Claude Neon lamps 9 5 Longcvin Sonar 1918 Northrup Induction heating 9 9 Zworykin Television Farnsworth 1924 Appleton Radar Briet el al. 1926 Round Screened grid tubes 1927 Fox Movietone Sound on him News recording 1928 Tellegen-Holst Pentode tubes 932 Knoll Transmission Ruska electron microscope 933 Janskv Radio astronomy 934 Drever Liquid crystals 935 Knoll el al. Scanning electron microscope 937 Carlson Xerography 938 Frisch Meitner Nuclear fission 939 Hann Klystrons Varian Bros 939 Aitken and IBM Computers 94 Centralab Thick-him circuits 692 INFORMATION Table 15.2 cent. Category I Category II Category III 1943 Kompfner Travelling wave dal. tubes 943 Eisler Printed wiring 948 Gabor Holographs 1948 Bardeen et al. T ransistors 1950s Mi r Bell Modems 953 Townes d al. MASER 953 Mallina Wire wrapping el al. connections 954 Chapin el al. Solar batteries .958 Ampex Video tape-recorders 1958 Various Explorer Vanguard Pioneer 1 etc. satellites 1958 Schalow LASER 1959 Bell Labs. Tantalum thin-film circuits 959 Hoeni Planar process .