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Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 69

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 69 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the U.S. Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 628 Iron Global Resources duction reached 81.6 million metric tons a 3.6 percent rise while livestock poultry and dairy output increased by 7 percent. Livestock production increased to 10.2 million metric tons during 2007. While agricultural programs aimed at modernization have raised the production levels problems remain these include poor weather conditions outdated equipment and farming techniques and shortages of viable seed and water. Moreover the combined burdens of government subsidies and price controls in the food sector remain burdensome to Iran s economy. Wheat Iran s most important crop is grown mainly in the western and northwestern regions of the country. From 1999 to 2004 wheat imports in the Middle East began to contract especially in Iran. In 2007 Iran was self-sufficient in wheat production and became a net exporter of wheat for the first time. However this gain was short-lived after poor weather conditions in the second half of 2008 damaged Iran s wheat crop resulting in the need to import a minimum of 1.8 million metric tons of wheat increasing Iran s budget deficit. Acording to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Iran had to lower its wheat production forecasts from 13.6 to 11 metric tons and significantly reduce its wheat exports. In the past Kazakhstan was able to meet Iran s demand for wheat but it too had problems with its wheat crop in 2008 and Iran had to rely on wheat exporters such as the European Union Canada Australia and the United States. Despite U.S. trade sanctions in early 2009 Iran spent 96 million on imports from the United States including wheat soybeans and medical supplies. Previously rice the major crop cultivated in the Caspian Sea region did not meet domestic needs and resulted in substantial imports. In 2008 Iran imported 19 percent of its foodstuffs and other consumer goods. Cynthia F Racer Further Reading Axworthy Michael. A History of Iran Empire of the Mind. New York Basic Books 2008. Hyne Norman J. .