Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 76

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 76 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the U.S. Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 698 Lithosphere Global Resources Obtaining Lithium Lithium chloride is obtained by treating either lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. Chemists obtain pure metallic lithium bypassing electricity through molten lithium chloride or through solutions of lithium chloride in ethanol or acetone in low-carbon steel cells having graphite anodes. Uses of Lithium Lithium is used to make batteries found in electric meters cameras and other electronic equipment and lithium compounds have numerous practical applications. Lithium carbonate and lithium borate are used in the ceramic industry as glaze constituents while lithium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent used in solid fuel for rockets. Lithium hydride a powerful reducing agent is used in fuel cells as a shielding material for thermal neutrons emitted from nuclear reactors and to inflate lifeboats and air balloons. Lithium fluoride is used in infrared spectrometers and as a flux in ceramics brazing and welding. Lithium chloride the most common lithium salt is used to increase the conductivity of electrolytes in low-temperature dr y-cell batteries as a dehumidifying agent in air-conditioners and in metallurgical applications. Lithium is combined with aluminum and magnesium to produce structural alloys lithium-mag-nesium alloys have the highest strength-to-weight ratio of all structural materials. In medicine lithium amide is important in the synthesis of antihistamines and lithium carbonate is used as a drug to treat a form of mental illness known as bipolar affective disorder or manic-depressive disorder . Alvin K. Benson Web Sites Natural Resources Canada Canadian Minerals Yearbook 2005 Lithium http www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca mms-smm busi-indu cmy-amc content 2005 35.pdf U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Information Lithium Statistics and Information http minerals.usgs.gov minerals pubs commodity lithium See also Aluminum Carbonate minerals Ceramics Fuel cells Glass Magnesium Nuclear energy .