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Database Modeling & Design Fourth Edition- P3

Database Modeling & Design Fourth Edition- P3: Database technology has evolved rapidly in the three decades since the rise and eventual dominance of relational database systems. While many specialized database systems (object-oriented, spatial, multimedia, etc.) have found substantial user communities in the science and engineering fields, relational systems remain the dominant database technology for business enterprises. | x Contents 2.2 Advanced ER Constructs 23 2.2.1 Generalization Supertypes and Subtypes 23 2.2.2 Aggregation 25 2.2.3 Ternary Relationships 25 2.2.4 General n-ary Relationships 28 2.2.5 Exclusion Constraint 29 2.2.6 Referential Integrity 30 2.3 Summary 30 2.4 Literature Summary 31 Chapter 3 The Unified Modeling Language UML 33 3.1 Class Diagrams 34 3.1.1 Basic Class Diagram Notation 35 3.1.2 Class Diagrams for Database Design 37 3.1.3 Example from the Music Industry 43 3.2 Activity Diagrams 46 3.2.1 Activity Diagram Notation Description 46 3.2.2 Activity Diagrams for Workflow 48 3.3 Rules of Thumb for UML Usage 50 3.4 Summary 51 3.5 Literature Summary 51 Chapter 4 Requirements Analysis and Conceptual Data Modeling 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Requirements Analysis 54 4.3 Conceptual Data Modeling 55 4.3.1 Classify Entities and Attributes 56 4.3.2 Identify the Generalization Hierarchies 57 4.3.3 Define Relationships 58 4.3.4 Example of Data Modeling Company Personnel and Project Database 61 4.4 View Integration 66 4.4.1 Preintegration Analysis 67 4.4.2 Comparison of Schemas 68 4.4.3 Conformation of Schemas 68 Contents xi 4.4.4 Merging and Restructuring of Schemas 69 4.4.5 Example of View Integration 69 4.5 Entity Clustering for ER Models 74 4.5.1 Clustering Concepts 75 4.5.2 Grouping Operations 76 4.5.3 Clustering Technique 78 4.6 Summary 81 4.7 Literature Summary 82 Chapter 5 Transforming the Conceptual Data Model to SQL 83 5.1 Transformation Rules and SQL Constructs 83 5.1.1 Binary Relationships 85 5.1.2 Binary Recursive Relationships 90 5.1.3 Ternary and n-ary Relationships 92 5.1.4 Generalization and Aggregation 101 5.1.5 Multiple Relationships 103 5.1.6 Weak Entities 103 5.2 Transformation Steps 103 5.2.1 Entity Transformation 104 5.2.2 Many-to-Many Binary Relationship Transformation 104 5.2.3 Ternary Relationship Transformation 105 5.2.4 Example of ER-to-SQL Transformation 105 5.3 Summary 106 5.4 Literature Summary 106 Chapter 6 Normalization 107 6.1 Fundamentals .