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Biochemistry, 4th Edition P3

Biochemistry, 4th Edition P3. Continuing Garrett and Grisham's innovative conceptual and organizing framework, "Essential Questions," BIOCHEMISTRY guides students through course concepts in a way that reveals the beauty and usefulness of biochemistry in the everyday world. Streamlined for increased clarity and readability, this edition also includes new photos and illustrations that show the subject matter consistently throughout the text. New end-of-chapter problems, MCAT practice questions, and the unparalleled text/media integration with the power of CengageNOW round out this exceptional package, giving you the tools you need to both master course concepts and develop critical problem-solving skills you can draw upon. | Detailed Contents xvii 20.8 How Do Mitochondria Mediate Apoptosis 624 Cytochrome c Triggers Apoptosome Assembly 625 SUMMARY 626 PROBLEMS 627 FURTHER READING 628 21 Photosynthesis 630 21.1 What Are the General Properties of Photosynthesis 630 Photosynthesis Occurs in Membranes 630 Photosynthesis Consists of Both Light Reactions and Dark Reactions 632 Water Is the Ultimate e Donor for Photosynthetic NADP Reduction 633 21.2 How Is Solar Energy Captured by Chlorophyll 633 Chlorophylls and Accessory Light-Harvesting Pigments Absorb Light of Different Wavelengths 634 The Light Energy Absorbed by Photosynthetic Pigments Has Several Possible Fates 634 The Transduction of Light Energy into Chemical Energy Involves Oxidation-Reduction 636 Photosynthetic Units Consist of Many Chlorophyll Molecules but Only a Single Reaction Center 637 21.3 What Kinds of Photosystems Are Used to Capture Light Energy 637 Chlorophyll Exists in Plant Membranes in Association with Proteins 637 PSI and PSII Participate in the Overall Process of Photosynthesis 638 The Pathway of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Is Called the Z Scheme 638 Oxygen Evolution Requires the Accumulation of Four Oxidizing Equivalents in PSII 640 Electrons Are Taken from H2O to Replace Electrons Lost from P680 640 Electrons from PSII Are Transferred to PSI via the Cytochrome b6f Complex 640 Plastocyanin Transfers Electrons from the Cytochrome b6f Complex to PSI 641 21.4 What Is the Molecular Architecture of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers 641 The R. viridis Photosynthetic Reaction Center Is an Integral Membrane Protein 642 Photosynthetic Electron Transfer by the R. viridis Reaction Center Leads to ATP Synthesis 642 The Molecular Architecture of PSII Resembles the R. viridis Reaction Center Architecture 643 How Does PSII Generate O2 from H2O 645 The Molecular Architecture of PSI Resembles the R. viridis Reaction Center and PSII Architecture 645 How Do Green Plants Carry Out Photosynthesis 647 21.5 What Is the Quantum Yield of